ProGT2 (Alpha-toxin)
| ProGT ID | ProGT2 (Alpha-toxin) |
| Organism Information | |
| Organism Name | Clostridium novyi ATCC 19402 |
| Clinical Implication | Pathogenic |
| Domain | Bacteria |
| Phylum | Firmicutes |
| Classification | Family: Clostridiaceae Order: Clostridiales Class: Clostridia Phylum: Firmicutes |
| Taxonomic ID (NCBI) | 1542 |
| Genome Information | |
| Gene Bank | NC_008593.1 |
| Gene Information | |
| Gene Name | tcnα |
| NCBI Reference Sequence | Z48636 |
| Protein information | |
| Protein Name | Alpha-toxin |
| UniProtKB/ SwissProt ID | Q46149 |
| UniProtKB Sequence | >tr|Q46149|Q46149_CLONO Alpha-toxin OS=Clostridium novyi PE=1 SV=1 MLITREQLMKIASIPLKRKEPEYNLILDALENFNRDIEGTSVKEIYSKLSKLNELVDNYQ TKYPSSGRNLALENFRDSLYSELRELIKNSRTSTIASKNLSFIWIGGPISDQSLEYYNMW KMFNKDYNIRLFYDKNSLLVNTLKTAIIQESSKVIIEQNQSNILDGTYGHNKFYSDRMKL IYRYKRELKMLYENMKQNNSVDDIIINFLSNYFKYDIGKLNNQKENNNNKMIAIGATDIN TENILTNKLKSYYYQELIQTNNLAAASDILRIAILKKYGGVYCDLDFLPGVNLSLFNDIS KPNGMDSNYWEAAIFEAIANEKKLMNNYPYKYMEQVPSEIKERILSFVRNHDINDLILPL GDIKISQLEILLSRLKAATGKKTFSNAFIISNNDSLTLNNLISQLENRYEILNSIIQEKF KICETYDSYINSVSELVLETTPKNLSMDGSSFYQQIIGYLSSGFKPEVNSTVFFSGPNIY SSATCDTYHFIKNTFDMLSSQNQEIFEASNNLYFSKTHDEFKSSWLLRSNIAEKEFQKLI KTYIGRTLNYEDGLNFNKWKRVTTSELLKVIEEVNSTKIYENYDLNMILQIQGDDISYES AVNVFGKNPNKSILIQGVDDFANVFYFENGIVQSDNINNILSRFNDIKKIKLTLIGHGEN VFNPKLFGGKTVNDLYTNIIKPKLQHLLEREGVILKNKYLKINILGCYMFTPKVDINSTF VGKLFNKISRDLQPKGFSKNQLEISANKYAIRINREGKREVLDYFGKWVSNTDLIAEQIS NKYVVYWNEVENTLSARVEQLNKVAEFAKDINSIIQTTNNQELKQSLVNTYADLITTLYS ELLKEDIPFELDNIQIKERIILNEISRLHDFSNIILDFYQKNNISNNMIILFDSIIKEKD YYNVKLANKITGETSVIKTYSDSLWNFTNKYKKIVDDIKGIIVKDINGEFIKKADFEIEQ NPSLLNSAMLMQLLIDYKPYTEILTNMNTSLKVQAYAQIFQLSIGAIQEATEIVTIISDA LNANFNILSKLKVGSSVASVIIDGINLIAALTELKNVKTNFERKLIEAKVGMYSIGFILE SSSLISGLLGATAVSEILGVISVPVAGILVGLPSLVNNILVLGEKYNQILDYFSKFYPIV GKNPFSIQDNIIIPYDDIAITELNFKYNKFKYGYAKISGLKVGLVTHIGENIDHYFSAPS LDHYIELSIYPALKLNDTNLPKGNVVLLPSGLNKVYKPEISAIAGANSQEGNGVEVLNLI RNYYVDSNGNTKFPWKYEAPFEYSFSYMRVEYFDTKVNVILDNENKTLIIPVLTIDEMRN KISYEILGDGGQYNVILPVNQTNINIVSNKNDIWNFDVSYIVKESKIEDNKFVLDGFINN IFSTLKVSNDGFKIGKQFISIKNTPRAINLSFKINNNIVIVSIYLNHEKSNSITIISSDL NDIKNNFDNLLDNINYIGLGSISDNTINCIVRNDEVYMEGKIFLNEKKLVFIQNELELHL YDSVNKDSQYLINNPINNVVKYKDGYIVEGTFLINSTENKYSLYIENNKIMLKGLYLESS VFKTIQDKIYSKEKVNDYILSLIKKFFTVNIQLCPFMIVSGVDENNRYLEYMLSTNNKWI INGGYWENDFNNYKIVDFEKCNVIVSGSNKLNSEGDLADTIDVLDKDLENLYIDSVIIIP KVYTKKIIIHPIPNNPQINIINTQSIHDKCHLIIDSVLTNNYHWESDGDDLIITNGLDIN IRILQGLSFGFKYKNIYLKFSNYDELSLNDFLLQNYNVKGLYYINGELHYKNIPGDTFEY GWINIDSRWYFFDSINLIAKKGYQEIEGERYYFNPNTGVQESGVFLTPNGLEYFTNKHAS SKRWGRAINYTGWLTLDGNKYYFQSNSKAVTGLQKISDKYYYFNDNGQMQIKWQIINNNK YYFDGNTGEAIIGWFNNNKERYYFDSEGRLLTGYQVIGDKSYYFSDNINGNWEEGSGVLK SGIFKTPSGFKLFSSEGDKSAINYKGWLDLNGNKYYFNSDSIAVTGSYNIKGIQYYFNPK TAVLTNGWYTLDNNNYYVSNGHNVLGYQDIDGKGYYFDPSTGIQKAGVFPTPNGLRYFTM KPIDGQRWGQCIDYTGWLHLNGNKYYFGYYNSAVTGWRVLGGKRYFFNIKTGAATTGLLT LSGKRYYFNEKGEQLTLV |
| EMBL CDS | CAA88565.1. |
| Sequence length | 2178 AA |
| Subcellular Location | Host cell plasma membrane |
| Function in Native Organism | 1) Alph toxin is a secretory glycosyltransferase which glycosylates the Rho family proteins of host and induces depolymerization of these family of proteins. |
| Additional Information | 1) Alpha-toxin mimics post-translational modification of cellular proteins. 2) It is intracellularly acting cytotoxin acts on microfilament system of cell monolayers. 3) C. novyi alpha-toxin is a N-acetyl-glucosaminyltransferase and monoglycosyltransferase activity that modifies the Rho subtype proteins. 4) C. novyi alpha-toxin is the only member of the large clostridial cytotoxin family to accept UDP?N-acetylglucosamine as a nucleotide-sugar substrate, the other toxins exclusively use UDP-glucose. 5) alpha-toxin (toxin fragment alpha-551) has more affinity and higher transferase efficiency with UDP?N-acetyl-glucosamine compared to UDP-glucose. 6) Substitution of residues in alpha-toxin from Ser-385 and Ala-387 to isoleucine and glutamine, respectively, reversed the donor specificity of the toxin from UDP-N-acetylglucosamine to UDP-glucose. |
| PDB ID | 2VK9 |
| Glycosyltransferase Information | |
| Glycosylation Type | O- (Thr) linked |
| CAZY Family | GT44 |
| EC Number (BRENDA) | 2.4.1.B62.1497 |
| Mechanism of Glycan Transfer | Sequential |
| Donor Type | Nucleotide activated sugars |
| Donor Specificity | UDP-Glc and UDP-GlcNAc |
| Glycan Information | |
| Glycan transferred | Monosaccharides (GlcNAc and Glc) |
| Method of Glycan Indentification | LC-ESI-MS |
| Experimental_strategies | In vivo and In vitro |
| Acceptor Subtrate Information | |
| Acceptor Substrate name | RhoA |
| Acceptor Substrate name | Rac1 |
| Acceptor Substrate name | Ras |
| Acceptor Substrate name | Cdc42 |
| Acceptor Substrate name | RhoG |
| Litrature | |
| Year Of Validation | 1995 |
| Reference | Hofmann, F., Herrmann, A., Habermann, E., & von Eichel-Streiber, C. (1995). Sequencing and analysis of the gene encoding the ?-toxin of Clostridium novyi proves its homology to toxins A and B of Clostridium difficile. Molecular and General Genetics MGG, 247(6), 670-679. |
| Authors | Hofmann, F., Herrmann, A., Habermann, E., & von Eichel-Streiber, C. |
| Research groups | Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene Obere Zahlbacher Str. 63, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, D-55101 Mainz, Germany |
| Corresponding Author | von Eichel-Streiber, C. |
| Contacts | Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene Obere Zahlbacher Str. 63, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, D-55101 Mainz, Germany |
| Reference | Selzer, J., Hofmann, F., Rex, G., Wilm, M., Mann, M., Just, I., & Aktories, K. (1996). Clostridium novyi ?-toxin-catalyzed incorporation of GlcNAc into Rho subfamily proteins. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 271(41), 25173-25177. |
| Authors | Selzer, J., Hofmann, F., Rex, G., Wilm, M., Mann, M., Just, I., & Aktories, K. |
| Research groups | 1 Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology of the University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. 2 European Molecular Biology Laboratories, D-69012 Heidelberg, Federal Republic of Germany. |
| Corresponding Author | Aktories, K. |
| Contacts | Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology of the University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg. Germany European Molecular Biology Laboratories, D-69012 Heidelberg, Federal Republic of Germany. |
| Reference | Busch, C., Schömig, K., Hofmann, F., & Aktories, K. (2000). Characterization of the Catalytic Domain ofClostridium novyi Alpha-Toxin. Infection and immunity, 68(11), 6378-6383. |
| Authors | Busch, C., Schömig, K., Hofmann, F., & Aktories, K. |
| Research groups | Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg,
D-79104 Freiburg, Germany |
| Corresponding Author | Aktories, K. |
| Contacts | Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg,
D-79104 Freiburg, Germany |